Science & Technology

The jaguar has earned the title of the ‘strongest bite.’

A jaguar is a feline living in Central America, North America, and South America. It is a carnivorous animal with spots on its fur that resemble roses. The jaguar is the largest cat on the American continent, and it can run at speeds up to 50 mph. Its name is derived from the Native American word yaguar, which means one who kills with one leap.

Ancestry and Evolution of the Jaguar

Lions and jaguars share DNA from the genus Panthera, which dates back 6 to 10 million years. Over time, the jaguar migrated from Eurasia eastward and westward throughout the Ice Age. As they migrated, they came to areas where there was plentiful food. While the other large cats from that time died off, jaguars managed to survive.

Several different types of jaguars are part of the taxonomic species Panthera onca. Here is a list:

• Arizona jaguar
• Central American jaguar
• East Brazilian jaguar
• South American jaguar
• Northeastern jaguar
• Paraguay jaguar
• Peruvian jaguar
• Yucatan Peninsula jaguar
• West Mexican jaguar

Appearance

Jaguars are large, muscular animals. They weigh up to 350 pounds and can reach 6.25 feet in length. The overall appearance of a jaguar is like that of a leopard, which is smaller and lighter. Those that live in the rainforest are typically smaller and darker in color.

Their coat is commonly yellow, though the different species can range from red to brown. Interestingly, a black panther is a species of jaguar with a melanin condition.

Besides the black panther, other jaguar species have a rose-shaped, or rosetted, pattern of spots on their fur. The beautiful markings help the animals conceal themselves while hunting or hiding from predators, namely humans. Their short, stocky structure allows them to jump, swim, crawl, and climb. The animals are incredibly agile and quick, running at speeds up to 50 mph.

Diet and Habitat

Jaguars are carnivorous mammals. Their primary source of food is medium-sized prey such as deer, capybara, peccaries, and tapirs. They typically hunt on land, but it is not unheard of to see a jaguar attack prey in the trees or the water. The jaguar is known for having the “strongest bite” of all the cats. If a jaguar gets its jaws around its prey, there is not much of a struggle because one bite ends the attack. There are around 80 different types of animals that jaguars can overpower, which has helped the species to survive for so many years.

Jaguars can be found near water sources, especially swamp-like areas. They prefer to make their homes in dense rainforests as the thick growth provides protection against potential predators as well as  camouflage to make hunting easier. Habitat loss has negatively affected jaguars, which has limited their ability to spread out. Much of their population can be found in the Amazon Basin, in a remote pocket in the rainforest.

Reproduction and Lifespan

Other than mothers who travel with their cubs, jaguars are solitary animals. When it comes time to reproduce, the female jaguar will call out for a partner to mate with. After 90 to 105 days, the mother will give birth to two to three cubs. The cubs are highly protected by their mother. She will feed them breast milk for the first few months. After that, she hunts and provides them with food until they reach somewhere around six months old. At that point, the baby jaguars go along on hunts with their mother. They establish their territories and fend for themselves between one and two years of age.

Predators

These incredible animals have a very short list of predators. Their ability to be stealthy, quick, agile, and strong eliminates many of their would-be predators. The primary threats to their existence are human activities and habitat loss. Humans will hunt jaguars for sport and their fur. However, the animal is now legally protected from poachers, so the number of deaths from hunting has decreased. Deforestation — removing trees to create agricultural space and human settlements — is still a major issue for these wild animals. Additionally, jaguars that get too close to cattle are often killed by farmers attempting to prevent loss.

1. The jaguar is the largest cat on the American continent, and it can run at speeds up to 50 mph.
2. The rose-shaped pattern of spots on their fur helps jaguars conceal themselves while hunting or hiding from predators.
3. Much of the population of jaguars can be found in the Amazon Basin, in a remote pocket in the rainforest.